Architectural Principles of Multi-Orbit Satellite Networks Using Cloud-Based Ground Infrastructure

Citation: Aleksandr Knyazev, "Architectural Principles of Multi-Orbit Satellite Networks Using Cloud-Based Ground Infrastructure", Universal Library of Engineering Technology, Volume 03, Issue 02.

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The article examines architectural principles for multi-orbit satellite networks that rely on cloud-based ground infrastructure. Practical relevance is determined by the transition from single-orbit systems to layered constellations and by the operational need to scale gateways, processing chains, and service exposure through cloud platforms. Novelty lies in the joint consideration of multi-orbit networking mechanisms and cloud-ground disaggregation, with explicit attention to ground-station-as-a-service (GSaaS) and federated ground-station marketplaces. The study aims to systematize design decisions that improve service continuity, latency stability, and operational controllability for communication and Earth-observation missions. To achieve this aim, the work applies structured source analysis, comparative architectural decomposition, and synthesis of reference patterns. The study draws on recent peer-reviewed research on transparent NTN architectures, multi-layer resilience, SDN-based satellite control, dynamic routing, GSaaS optimization, federated scheduling, and security of satellite ecosystems. The conclusion formulates implementable principles for engineering teams responsible for customer-facing solutions and operations.

Keywords: Multi-Orbit Satellite Networks, Non-Terrestrial Networks, Cloud Ground Segment, Ground Station as a Service, SDN/NFV, Inter-Satellite Links, Routing, Resilience, Cybersecurity, 5G/6G NTN.

https://doi.org/10.70315/uloap.ulete.2026.0302001