Hematological and Biochemical Effects of Sub-Acute Doses of Lambda-Cyhalothrin, Imidacloprid, and Emamectin-Benzoate Insecticides on Albino Rats

Citation: Shehata EM Shalaby, Gamal E. Abo-Elgar, Anwar E. El-Shaikh, Amr A. El-Dawlatly, Gehan Y. Abdou, "Hematological and Biochemical Effects of Sub-Acute Doses of Lambda-Cyhalothrin, Imidacloprid, and Emamectin-Benzoate Insecticides on Albino Rats", Universal Library of Advances in Agriculture, Volume 01, Issue 01.

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

A toxicant may induce several types of injuries, and the severity of its effects is usually related to the dose and duration of exposure to the chemical under a specified exposure. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the impact of 1/10 LD50 of lambda-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, and emamectin-benzoate insecticides on hematological and biochemical parameters in albino rats. No significant changes were observed in the treated rat’s body weight compared with control, except for emamectin, which caused a significant decrease after the recovery period. Emamectin-benzoate induced a significant increase in WBCs after the 5th and 10th doses, and imidacloprid caused a significant increase after the 10th dose (+ 89.5%); at the same time, lambda-cyhalothrin caused a slight increase. After the recovery period, white blood cell counts decreased in all treated rats compared to the treatment period but did not return to the control level. Imidacloprid caused a significant decrease in red blood cells (RBC) after the 5th dose (-6.6% below the control level). In contrast, after the recovery period, a significant decrease in RBCs was observed in rats treated with lambda-cyhalothrin and emamectin benzoate. The data also revealed a significant increase in GOT and GPT activities after the 5th and 10th doses in treated rats, while no significant differences in GPT activity were found in emamectin-benzoate-treated rats compared with control rats at the same time points. After the recovery period, the activity of both enzymes in all treated rats decreased but did not return to the control level. Similarly, lambda-cyhalothrin and emamectin benzoate had the greatest effect on kidney function compared to imidacloprid. Generally, there is no fixed pattern of the ill effects of different classes of pesticides on hematological and vital parameters. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to check and reduce the indiscriminate use of pesticides and to look into other environmentally friendly agrochemical approaches to increase crop productivity.

Keywords: Insecticides, Subacute, Hematological, Biochemical Parameters, Rats.

https://doi.org/10.70315/uloap.ulaag.2025.0101003