Chemical Mechanisms of Allergic Reactions to Eyelash Extension Materials and Eyebrow Dyes, Methods for the Safe Use of Products in Professional Practice

Citation: Tetiana Zrobok, "Chemical Mechanisms of Allergic Reactions to Eyelash Extension Materials and Eyebrow Dyes, Methods for the Safe Use of Products in Professional Practice", Universal Library of Multidisciplinary, Volume 01, Issue 01.

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

The work is devoted to a multi-level analysis of chemical-immunological processes that determine the onset of allergic reactions to materials for eyelash extension and eyebrow coloring, with emphasis on products circulating on the US market. The aim of the study is to consolidate information on the ingredient composition of commercial products, the mechanisms of pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), and to formulate scientifically grounded protocols for safe use by beauty-industry professionals. The methodological basis includes a systematic analysis of publications from Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science, as well as a content evaluation of regulatory and technical documentation (MSDS) of leading American brands and entries in the FDA MAUDE database. The data obtained indicate that the dominant allergens are ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate in adhesive compositions and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) in coloring preparations; both act as haptens and initiate a cell-mediated type IV hypersensitivity reaction. The article presents a detailed scheme of ACD pathogenesis, a statistical assessment of the frequency of adverse events, and a comparative analysis of the compositions of the most popular products. A conclusion is formulated on the need to increase practitioners’ awareness of sensitization mechanisms, the limitations of patch testing, and the importance of thorough medical history taking, including information on previous surgical interventions. The developed protocols for safe use, including algorithms for managing acute reactions, are aimed at reducing health risks for clients and strengthening safety standards in the industry. The material is addressed to practicing beauty specialists, dermatologists, allergist-immunologists, and researchers in cosmetic chemistry.

Keywords: Eyelash Extension, Eyebrow Coloring, Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Cyanoacrylate, P-Phenylenediamine, Hapten, Type IV Hypersensitivity, Cosmetics Safety, Safety Protocols, Occupational Risks.

https://doi.org/10.70315/uloap.ulmdi.2024.0101008