Bruxism, Occlusal Scheme, and Biomechanics of Full-Arch Implant Restorations

Aidana Rubenova

Citation: Aidana Rubenova, "Bruxism, Occlusal Scheme, and Biomechanics of Full-Arch Implant Restorations", Universal Library of Medical and Health Sciences, Volume 02, Issue 01.

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Full-arch implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation is currently regarded as a cornerstone method for the management of complete edentulism; however, occlusal overload, particularly in patients with bruxism, remains a leading etiological factor of complications. The aim of this article is a systematic review of the current literature assessing the impact of bruxism and variants of occlusal concepts on the biomechanical behavior of total implant-supported prostheses and the development of an algorithm for clinical tactical decisions. The study design includes a structured search and critical synthesis of peer-reviewed sources from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, encompassing systematic reviews, clinical studies, and finite element method (FEM) models. The obtained data indicate a high global prevalence of bruxism (approximately 22%) and demonstrate that parafunctional loads multiply increase the stress–strain state in the bone–implant–prosthesis system, pushing it beyond physiological and material tolerances. At the same time, no convincing evidence was found for the superiority of any universal occlusal scheme. The conclusions confirm the need for a personalized, risk-oriented approach. The proposed clinical algorithm, combining risk stratification with the selection of materials and design parameters of the prosthesis, represents a practical tool for reducing the frequency of biomechanical failures. The presented information will be useful to prosthodontists and implantologists, as well as researchers working in the field of occlusion and dental biomechanics.


Keywords: Bruxism, Full-Arch on Implants, Occlusal Scheme, Biomechanics, Finite Element Method, Occlusal Overload, Rehabilitation For Edentulism, Risk Factors, Personalized Occlusion, Occlusal Splint.

Download doi https://doi.org/10.70315/uloap.ulmhs.2024.0201010