Ensuring Data Integrity in Distributed Microservices Ecosystems: A Comparative Analysis of Architectural Patterns

Citation: Gleb Shkriabin, "Ensuring Data Integrity in Distributed Microservices Ecosystems: A Comparative Analysis of Architectural Patterns", Universal Library of Innovative Research and Studies, Volume 03, Issue 01.

Copyright: This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Abstract

Microservice architecture is widely used in the development of distributed information systems; however, dividing an application into independent services significantly complicates the problem of ensuring data integrity. Unlike monolithic systems, where consistency is maintained within a single transaction and a single data store, in microservice architectures a single operation may involve multiple services and databases. This creates the need for specialized architectural mechanisms to coordinate distributed operations. The article provides a comparative analysis of the main architectural patterns used to ensure data consistency in microservice systems, including the two-phase commit protocol, the model of sequential local transactions with compensating actions, and event-driven service coordination. The study is conducted in the form of a systematic analysis of recent scientific publications on distributed system architecture. Data storage models, mechanisms of transactional coordination, and operational constraints of high-load distributed platforms are examined. The results show that the effectiveness of architectural patterns depends on system characteristics, including workload intensity, consistency requirements, the level of contention for shared state, and the architectural complexity of service interactions. Based on the analysis, an architectural model for selecting data integrity mechanisms in microservice systems is proposed. The study demonstrates that the resilience of distributed platforms is achieved through a combination of transactional coordination, compensating operations, protection against duplicate message processing, and advanced observability mechanisms. The proposed model can be applied in the design of high-load microservice platforms and in the selection of architectural solutions for distributed systems.

Keywords: Microservices; Distributed Transactions; Data Consistency; Saga Pattern; Two-Phase Commit; Event-Driven Architecture; Distributed Systems Architecture.

https://doi.org/10.70315/uloap.ulirs.2026.0301016